How Are Hemorrhoids Treated?

What Creates The Problems With Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, appearing as clumps or masses of tissue containing blood, are found in the anal canal and in fact are present in everyone.  They become problematic when the hemorrhoidal mass becomes enlarged. Since they are filled with arterial blood, enlarged hemorrhoids can cause significant bleeding should they become extremely irritated.

While it is not known why hemorrhoids enlarge, there are several theories suggested.  There is a general consensus that constipation as well as straining to have bowel movements are contributors and that hard stools can negatively affect existing hemorrhoids.   More fiber in the diet, stool softeners and an increase in water consumption are all recommendations for relief.

OTCs and Local Anesthetics

Other methods of treating hemorrhoids include over-the-counter (OTC) preparations which often contain drugs used to treat anal itching and discomfort.  There is nothing conclusive to indicate these medications actually treat the hemorrhoids, more often they address the external symptoms and make life more comfortable for a period of time.  Ointments, creams and gels should be applied very sparingly both internally and externally.  There is no evidence that suppositories work better than topical creams or ointments.

The use of local anesthetics can be effective in relieving burning and itching as well as pain as they numb the nerve endings.  Limit usage to the lower anal area and if any allergic reactions such as increased burning or itching arise, discontinue use.

Nonoperative Treatments

There are a few nonoperative treatments available for internal hemorrhoids and their effects are alike.  Sclerotherapy, a very old form of treatment, requires the hemorrhoid be injected with phenol or quinine urea at its base.  This causes immediate inflammation and then scarring with pain relief within 24 hours.  Hemorrhoidal symptoms may return over time and require additional treatments.

Rubber band ligation is a process wherein the base of the hemorrhoid is tied off with a rubber band.  The tissue which has been cut off by the band dies, an ulcer is formed and scarring takes place. It can be more effective in some instances than sclerotherapy, however it can have the common complication of pain and often a lot of bleeding.  Recurring symptoms tend to be less with ligation than sclerotherapy.

Heat coagulation, the use of heat to destroy hemorrhoidal tissue and cause scarring is yet another method of treatment. While pain is frequent, the effects tend to be very good. 

These three methods are most frequently and successfully used in the treatment of hemorrhoids.